Underwater Communications: Recent Advances

Abstract

Our earth the only planet where water could be found and covered more than seventy percent with it. Monitoring different phenomenal activities in an underwater environment,such as environmental impact surveillance, marine life, oil and gas exploration is essential in underwater. In this regard, under-water wireless communication (UWC) has become a significant field. Optical, acoustic and electromagnetic waves have been widely used for data transmission in UWC. Investigation of possible UWC techniques has an influential impact on wireless communications. Nowadays, UWC is being used for expire-mental observation, oceanographic data collection and analysis,underwater navigation, disaster prevention and early detection warning of a tsunami. This work presents an overview, main initiatives and up-to-date contributions of the most widely seduce techniques, i.e, underwater wireless optical, acoustic and electromagnetic communications. In addition, we summarize emerging technologies in the UWC, future research direction sand recommendations using fifth generation (5G) communication techniques